Paramagnet (multiple solutions)

  • Energy and Entropy 2020

    We have the following equations of state for the total magnetization \(M\), and the entropy \(S\) of a paramagnetic system: \begin{align} M&=N\mu\, \frac{e^{\frac{\mu B}{k_B T}} - e^{-\frac{\mu B}{k_B T}}} {e^{\frac{\mu B}{k_B T}} + e^{-\frac{\mu B}{k_B T}}}\\ S&=Nk_B\left\{\ln 2 + \ln \left(e^{\frac{\mu B}{k_B T}}+e^{-\frac{\mu B}{k_B T}}\right) +\frac{\mu B}{k_B T} \frac{e^{\frac{\mu B}{k_B T}} - e^{-\frac{\mu B}{k_B T}}} {e^{\frac{\mu B}{k_B T}} + e^{-\frac{\mu B}{k_B T}}} \right\} \end{align}

    1. Solve for the magnetic susceptibility, which is defined as: \[\chi_B=\left(\frac{\partial M}{\partial B}\right)_T \]

    2. Use a chain-rule diagram to show there are enough constraining equations to find \[\left(\frac{\partial M}{\partial B}\right)_S \]
    3. Find a closed form expression for

      \[\left(\frac{\partial M}{\partial B}\right)_S.\] Be ready for the possiblility that the final answer is zero (this might save you from writing out as much messy algebra).