## Activity: Time Evolution of a Spin-1/2 System

In this small group activity, students solve for the time dependence of two quantum spin 1/2 particles under the influence of a Hamiltonian. Students determine, given a Hamiltonian, which states are stationary and under what circumstances measurement probabilities do change with time.

## Prerequisite Knowledge

• Spin 1/2 systems
• Familiarity with how to calculate measurement probabilities
• Solutions to the Schrödinger equation for a time independent Hamiltonian
• Dirac notation

## Activity: Introduction

Little introduction is needed, although you may want to review how to find a time-evolved state for a time-independent Hamiltonian.

Students work in groups to solve for the time dependence of two quantum particles under the influence of a Hamiltonian. Students find the time dependence of the particles' states and some measurement probabilities.

Time Evolution of a Spin-1/2 System

Two particles are under the influence of an interaction with a Hamiltonian that is proportional to $\hat{S}_{z}$:

$\hat{H} = \omega_0 \hat{S}_{z}$

At $t=0$:

1. one particle is in the state $\vert + \rangle$
2. and the other is in the state $\vert + \rangle _{x}$.
1. What state is each particle in at a later time t?

2. What is the probability that you would measure $S_x = {\hbar \over 2}$ state at time $t$? Does this probability change with time?

3. What is the probability that you would measure $S_z = {\hbar \over 2}$ at time $t$? Does this probability change with time?

4. Given a Hamiltonian, how would you determine which states are stationary states (states where no probabilities change with time)? Under what circumstances do measurement probabilities change with time?

## Activity: Wrap-up

The main points of this activity are addressed in the last question. Students should recognize:
• a pattern of how these calculations proceed,
• to recognize a stationary state
• that measurement probabilities of non-stationary states will be time-dependent UNLESS you measure a quantity that commutes with the Hamiltonian.

Author Information
Elizabeth Gire
Learning Outcomes